Easy2Siksha Sample Papers
GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Quesons
B.A. 3rd Semester
Sociology (Society in India)
Based on 4-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Indian Society & Diversity)
1. Unity in Diversity / Constuon & Unity
Appeared in: 2021 (Q1), 2022 (Q1), 2024 (Q2) Probability for 2025:
(100%)
2. Caste and Class – Relaon / Dierence
Appeared in: 2021 (Q2), 2022 (Q2), 2024 (Q7) Probability for 2025:
(100%)
2025 Smart Predicon Table
(Based on GNDU 2021–2024 Trend)
No.
Queson Topic
Years Appeared
Probability for 2025
1
Unity in Diversity / Constuon & Unity
2021, 2022, 2024
(100%)
2
Caste & Class – Relaon / Dierence
2021, 2022, 2024
(100%)
2025 GUARANTEED QUESTIONS
(100% Appearance Trend – Must Prepare)
1. Unity in Diversity / Constuon & Unity
2. Caste and Class – Relaon / Dierence
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GNDU Most Repeated (Important) Answers
B.A. 3rd Semester
Sociology (Society in India)
Based on 4-Year GNDU Queson Paper Trend (2021–2024)
Must-Prepare Quesons (80–100% Probability)
SECTION–A (Indian Society & Diversity)
1. Unity in Diversity / Constuon & Unity
Appeared in: 2021 (Q1), 2022 (Q1), 2024 (Q2) Probability for 2025:
(100%)
Ans: A New Dawn: The Birth of a Unique Nation
Imagine a land where snow-covered mountains touch the skies in the north, golden
deserts spread endlessly in the west, thick green forests whisper stories in the east, and
blue oceans sing songs in the south. This land is India — a country so diverse that every
few kilometers, the language changes, the food tastes different, the clothes vary, and
even the festivals sparkle in their own unique colors.
Yet, despite all these differences, there’s a single heartbeat that connects everyone —
the feeling of being one nation, one people, one India.
This beautiful spirit is what we proudly call “Unity in Diversity.”
The Meaning of Unity in Diversity
The phrase “Unity in Diversity” means that even though people in India follow different
religions, speak different languages, and belong to different cultures, they still live
together peacefully as one nation.
It’s like a garden full of different flowers — each flower has its own color and fragrance,
yet together they make the garden beautiful.
Similarly, India’s strength lies in its variety — not in uniformity, but in harmony.
Unity in diversity is not just a slogan here; it’s a way of life. It teaches us that we can be
different, yet equal; we can have many beliefs, yet one nation.
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The Role of the Indian Constitution in Maintaining Unity
When India got independence in 1947, it was a time of great joy but also great
challenges. The country was divided by caste, religion, language, and regions. People
were uncertain — “How will such a diverse country remain united?”
That’s when the Constitution of India stepped in as a guiding light — a book that didn’t
just give laws, but also gave India its soul.
The Constitution became like a thread that weaves together all the pieces of our
national fabric, ensuring that diversity never becomes a cause of division.
Let’s explore how the Constitution keeps this unity alive.
1. Equality for All
One of the strongest pillars of unity in India is equality.
The Constitution clearly states that every citizen is equal before the law. Whether one is
rich or poor, from north or south, Hindu or Muslim, male or female — the law treats
everyone the same.
Articles like 14 (Equality before Law), 15 (Prohibition of Discrimination), and 17
(Abolition of Untouchability) ensure that no one is treated unfairly.
This sense of fairness builds trust among people and unites them as equals in the eyes of
the nation.
2. Secularism – Respect for All Religions
India is home to almost every major religion — Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism,
Buddhism, Jainism, and many others. Each has its own traditions, festivals, and beliefs.
Yet, the Constitution ensures that no religion is considered superior or inferior.
By declaring India a secular state, the Constitution gives everyone the freedom to
follow, practice, or even change their religion.
This respect for all faiths protects harmony and prevents division on religious grounds.
That’s why a temple, mosque, church, and gurdwara can stand side by side in the same
street — a sight that beautifully captures India’s unity.
3. Linguistic Harmony
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India is a land of 121 languages and more than 19,500 dialects — an astonishing fact!
To handle this linguistic richness, the Constitution has made a very wise decision. It
recognizes Hindi and English as official languages but also gives every state the right to
have its own regional language.
By doing so, it honors local languages without forcing anyone to abandon their mother
tongue.
This thoughtful balance prevents linguistic conflicts and encourages mutual respect —
ensuring unity even in the midst of linguistic diversity.
4. Fundamental Rights – The Common Bond
Our Fundamental Rights act as a glue that binds all citizens together. These rights
ensure freedom of speech, religion, and movement, and protect citizens from any kind
of exploitation or injustice.
No matter which state you come from or what background you have — you can study,
work, and live anywhere in India.
This freedom helps Indians feel at home in every corner of the country, strengthening
the feeling of national unity.
5. The Directive Principles of State Policy
The Directive Principles are like a moral compass for the government.
They remind the nation’s leaders that their duty is to ensure social and economic justice
for all.
They aim to reduce inequality, improve living standards, and create opportunities for
everyone — rich or poor, man or woman, rural or urban.
When the government works for the welfare of all citizens, it naturally strengthens the
unity of the country.
6. Cultural Protection and Promotion
The framers of the Constitution knew that culture is the heart of India.
That’s why they made sure to protect the rights of minorities and cultural groups.
Articles 29 and 30 safeguard the rights of communities to preserve their language,
script, and culture.
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This means a Tamil child can learn Tamil in school, a Punjabi can open a Gurmukhi
institution, and a tribal group can preserve its traditional art — all under the protection
of the Constitution.
By doing this, India celebrates every culture without forcing anyone to give up their
identity.
7. Federal Structure with a Unitary Spirit
India follows a federal system, where power is divided between the central and state
governments. But it’s not a rigid system — it has a unitary spirit.
This means, while states enjoy autonomy, the central government ensures unity in
matters of national importance like defense, foreign policy, and currency.
So, even though there are many state governments, there’s only one India, one flag, one
army, and one Constitution — which binds everyone together.
8. National Symbols – The Threads of Emotional Unity
The national flag, national anthem, national emblem, and national festivals like
Independence Day and Republic Day play a powerful emotional role in uniting the
people.
When millions of Indians stand together to sing the national anthem, it doesn’t matter
who speaks which language — at that moment, every heart beats in the same rhythm of
patriotism.
These symbols remind us that our unity is not forced — it’s felt deeply within.
9. Fundamental Duties – The Responsibilities of Citizens
The Constitution not only gives rights but also expects duties from every citizen.
These Fundamental Duties, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, remind us that we
must respect the nation’s ideals, symbols, and unity.
When citizens follow these duties — respecting the flag, protecting the environment,
promoting harmony — the country becomes stronger from within.
Unity Beyond Words – Seen in Everyday Life
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Unity in diversity is not just written in the Constitution; it lives in the daily lives of
Indians.
It’s seen when people of different religions celebrate each other’s festivals — Hindus
lighting lamps on Diwali with their Muslim friends sharing sweets on Eid, or Christians
inviting everyone for Christmas celebrations.
It’s seen when a Punjabi marries a Bengali, or when a South Indian chef opens a
restaurant in North India and everyone enjoys the taste of dosa.
Our movies, music, sports, and even cricket matches bring us together beyond any
boundary.
Whenever the Indian team wins, no one asks where the players are from — they’re all
just Indians .
The Constitution: A Living Symbol of Unity
The Constitution of India doesn’t just provide rules — it gives India its identity and
integrity.
It unites more than 1.4 billion people with different beliefs into one national family.
It ensures that diversity is not a weakness but a strength — a power that makes India
colorful, democratic, and alive.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Constitution, once said,
“The Constitution is not a mere lawyer’s document; it is a vehicle of life, and its spirit is
always the spirit of the age.”
That spirit is unity — a unity that respects differences rather than erasing them.
Conclusion: The Beauty of Oneness
India’s story is like a grand symphony — every instrument plays its unique tune, but
together they create beautiful music.
Our Constitution is the conductor of this orchestra, ensuring every voice is heard and
every rhythm blends into harmony.
Unity in diversity is not an accident — it’s a conscious choice, protected and nurtured by
the Constitution.
It reminds us that our true strength lies not in being the same, but in staying together
despite our differences.
Just like threads of different colors come together to form a strong rope, our differences
weave the fabric of our great nation — vibrant, resilient, and everlasting.
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That’s the real power of India — one nation, many cultures, and one unbreakable
unity.
2. Caste and Class – Relaon / Dierence
Appeared in: 2021 (Q2), 2022 (Q2), 2024 (Q7) Probability for 2025:
(100%)
Ans: Caste and Class in India: Relation and Difference
Picture yourself in a bustling Indian railway station. A porter carries heavy luggage on his
head, a businessman checks his laptop in the waiting hall, and a priest blesses travelers
before they board. They all share the same space, yet their positions in society are
shaped by two powerful forces: caste and class. These two systems of social
stratification have defined Indian society for centuries, sometimes overlapping,
sometimes clashing, but always influencing how people live, work, and relate to each
other.
Caste: The Traditional Framework
1. Meaning
Caste is a hereditary system of social organization deeply rooted in Indian history and
religion. It assigns people a fixed social status at birth.
2. Key Features
• Birth-based: One is born into a caste and cannot change it.
• Endogamy: Marriages usually occur within the same caste.
• Occupation-linked: Traditionally, each caste had fixed occupations (priests,
warriors, traders, laborers).
• Hierarchy: Castes are arranged in a rigid order, with some considered “higher”
and others “lower.”
• Social control: Customs, rituals, and sanctions maintain caste boundaries.
3. Example
A Brahmin priest may enjoy ritual respect even if he is poor, while a Dalit laborer may
face exclusion despite working hard. This shows caste is tied to ritual status, not just
wealth.
Class: The Modern Framework
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1. Meaning
Class is a modern form of social stratification based on economic position, education,
and lifestyle. Unlike caste, class is not fixed at birth—it can change with effort and
opportunity.
2. Key Features
• Achievement-based: Determined by income, occupation, and education.
• Open system: Mobility is possible—people can rise or fall in class.
• Economic focus: Wealth and property are key markers.
• Fluid boundaries: A person can move from lower to middle class with better
education or job.
• Universal: Unlike caste, class exists in all societies.
3. Example
A Dalit student who becomes a doctor may rise into the middle or upper class
economically, even if caste prejudice still lingers.
Relation Between Caste and Class
Though different, caste and class often overlap in India.
1. Caste influencing Class
o Historically, upper castes had access to land, education, and power,
placing them in higher economic classes.
o Lower castes were restricted to menial jobs, keeping them in lower
classes.
2. Class influencing Caste
o With modernization, education, and urbanization, wealth can sometimes
reduce caste barriers.
o A wealthy lower-caste entrepreneur may command respect despite
traditional prejudice.
3. Marriage of Tradition and Modernity
o In villages, caste still dominates social life.
o In cities, class (income, education, lifestyle) often matters more, though
caste identity never fully disappears.
Differences Between Caste and Class
Aspect
Caste
Class
Basis
Birth, religion, tradition
Wealth, education,
occupation
Mobility
Closed (no mobility)
Open (mobility possible)
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Marriage
Endogamous (within caste)
Exogamous (across classes
possible)
Scope
Unique to India (though similar systems
exist elsewhere)
Universal (exists in all
societies)
Status
Ascribed (given at birth)
Achieved (earned through
effort)
Rigidity
Very rigid
Relatively flexible
Social
Control
Customs, rituals, sanctions
Market forces, lifestyle,
opportunities
Storytelling Illustration
Let’s imagine two friends, Ravi and Arjun.
• Ravi is born into a Brahmin family in a small town. His caste gives him social
respect, but his family is poor. He struggles to pay for education.
• Arjun is born into a Dalit family, but his father works in the city and earns well.
Arjun studies in a good school and later becomes a software engineer.
Now, who has higher status?
• By caste, Ravi is “higher.”
• By class, Arjun is “higher.”
This story shows how caste and class can clash and overlap in modern India.
Changing Dynamics in Contemporary India
1. Urbanization
o In cities, people are judged more by their jobs and income than by caste.
o Yet, caste networks still influence marriages and politics.
2. Education and Reservation
o Reservation policies have given lower castes access to education and jobs,
helping them rise in class.
o This has created a new “Dalit middle class.”
3. Politics
o Caste remains a powerful force in elections.
o But class issues like poverty, unemployment, and inflation also shape
voting behavior.
4. Globalization
o Exposure to global culture emphasizes merit and achievement.
o Yet, caste-based discrimination still exists, especially in rural areas.
A Metaphor to Remember
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Think of caste as roots—deep, ancient, and hard to change. Think of class as branches—
growing, shifting, and reaching out in new directions.
• Some trees have strong roots but weak branches (high caste but poor).
• Some have weaker roots but flourishing branches (low caste but rich).
Together, they form the full picture of Indian society.
Conclusion: Two Mirrors of Society
Caste and class are like two mirrors reflecting Indian society.
• Caste shows the weight of tradition, hierarchy, and inherited identity.
• Class shows the power of achievement, mobility, and modernity.
They are different, yet deeply connected. Caste still shapes opportunities, but class
increasingly defines lifestyles. To understand India, one must see both—how the ancient
rigidity of caste meets the fluid dynamism of class.
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